: The most diverse branch with 150–190 languages, including Hausa , a major West African lingua franca.
: Consists of the now-extinct Ancient Egyptian and its descendant, Coptic, which survives as a liturgical language. afrasian language
: Found in the Horn of Africa; includes Oromo and Somali . : The most diverse branch with 150–190 languages,
Despite their vast differences, these languages often share distinctive traits inherited from a common ancestor: includes varieties like Shilha and Kabyle.
: Spoken across North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, etc.); includes varieties like Shilha and Kabyle.