Bellows <Updated - 2024>

They are susceptible to "squirm" (buckling) if internal pressure exceeds design limits. Corrosion near welding points is also a common failure point.

In engineering, bellows are convoluted shells that compress or extend to handle pressure or thermal expansion in piping systems. bellows

They are excellent for absorbing vibration and multi-directional movement, especially in high-pressure or nuclear environments. They are susceptible to "squirm" (buckling) if internal

Multi-ply designs offer a better fatigue life than single-ply versions. bellows