: Breakthroughs in healthcare more than doubled life expectancy, allowing Western empires to expand into previously inhospitable regions.
Ferguson argues that the West's era of predominance may be ending: Civilization The West & the Rest
: The Scientific Revolution gave the West a major military and technological advantage over Eastern rivals. : Breakthroughs in healthcare more than doubled life
: He suggests the West is losing faith in its own heritage and institutions, potentially leading to a sudden demise rather than a slow transition. Civilization The West & the Rest
: A combination of institutional frameworks and cultural values (often linked to the Protestant work ethic) provided the human capital necessary for sustained development. Current Status and Potential Decline