Gymnosperm Family Guide

According to the classification system highlighted in recent literature from MDPI , the 13 living families are: : Cycadaceae and Zamiaceae .

: The MDPI Plants journal published a 2024 review that integrates phylogenomic results with morphological characters to resolve long-standing debates about gymnosperm relationships. gymnosperm family

: Ginkgoaceae (consisting of the single living species, Ginkgo biloba ). According to the classification system highlighted in recent

: Some papers focus on specific traits, such as " Polyploidy in gymnosperms ," which identifies Ephedraceae as the most variable family based on genome size. The Systematics and Evolution of Gymnosperms with ... - PMC such as " Polyploidy in gymnosperms