In the early 1960s, researchers like Leonard Kleinrock , Paul Baran , and Donald Davies independently developed "packet switching". This method breaks data into small "packets" that can take different routes to a destination and reassemble upon arrival, making networks more resilient than traditional telephone lines. 2. ARPANET: The Precursor (1969)
The journey began in the late 1950s, catalyzed by the Cold War. internet creation
By 1971, Ray Tomlinson sent the first network email and introduced the "@" symbol. By 1973, ARPANET became international, connecting nodes in Norway and the UK. 3. The Invention of TCP/IP (1970s–1983) In the early 1960s, researchers like Leonard Kleinrock
As more independent networks emerged, they were often incompatible. and Bob Kahn , often called the "Fathers of the Internet," solved this by designing a universal language. ARPANET: The Precursor (1969) The journey began in
On October 29, 1969, the first message was sent between UCLA and the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) . The intended message was "LOGIN," but the system crashed after the first two letters, making "LO" the first data ever transmitted over the network.
They developed TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). TCP handles data assembly/disassembly, while IP ensures packets reach the correct address.
After the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the U.S. government established the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in 1958 to ensure American technological superiority.