8 класс - Всеобщая история (изд. ВЕНТАНА-ГРАФ)
Towards the end of the century, a group of young, Western-educated officers and intellectuals—the —emerged. They advocated for a constitutional monarchy and more radical modernization to prevent the total collapse of the state. Key Vocabulary for This Section Sultan : The supreme ruler of the Ottoman Empire. 8 класс - Всеобщая история (изд
During the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire, once a dominant global power, faced internal decay and external pressure from European nations. This period is often referred to as the era of the "Sick Man of Europe." 1. Internal Crisis and Fragmentation Key Vocabulary for This Section Sultan : The
: The international issue of what to do with the Ottoman Empire's land as it weakened. Internal Crisis and Fragmentation : The international issue
: Elite infantry units that eventually became a political force hindering reform. Tanzimat : A period of reorganization and modernization.