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Meet Alex. Alex drives "Old Blue," a 2014 sedan with 160,000 miles, a fading bumper sticker, and—as of yesterday—a dead engine.

Alex now has a $450 monthly payment and higher insurance premiums.

The engine is new(er), but the transmission, alternator, and suspension are still a decade old. It’s like putting a marathon runner's heart into a body with bad knees.

Alex avoids a monthly car payment. In six months, the repair is "paid off" compared to what a new car would have cost in installments.

Alex chooses this because the car is otherwise "clean," the tires are new, and they only need it to last another two years to finish saving for a house. Path B: The Fresh Start (Buying New/Newer)

Alex is staring at two very different paths. If you’re in Alex's shoes, here is how the story usually unfolds. Path A: The Heart Transplant (Replacing the Engine)