: Thousands of students protested the mandatory use of Afrikaans in schools. The brutal police response, which killed hundreds, drew intense international condemnation and sparked a new wave of internal militancy. The Fall of Apartheid (1980s–1994)
The system was designed to ensure the political, social, and economic dominance of the white minority. Key architects like D.F. Malan and later Hendrik Verwoerd implemented laws that touched every aspect of life. South Africa: The Rise and Fall of Apartheid
: Police killed 69 unarmed protesters demonstrating against pass laws. This event led to the banning of the ANC and PAC, pushing the movement toward armed struggle. : Thousands of students protested the mandatory use
: Non-whites were required to carry "passes" (internal passports) to enter or work in white-only areas; failure to produce one resulted in immediate arrest. which killed hundreds