: Using agile, iterative cycles to refine technical requirements based on real-world human feedback. Common Use Cases
: Evaluating technologies like RFID or Mixed Reality in classrooms by capturing student/teacher perceptions to change pedagogical methods systematically. ssm-cps
: A qualitative modeling process used to address complex, "messy" problems involving human perceptions and stakeholder conflict. Why They Are Combined : Using agile, iterative cycles to refine technical
: Consolidating different perceptions (e.g., from teachers and students in education or workers and managers in factories) to improve system design. Why They Are Combined : Consolidating different perceptions
: Engineered systems that integrate physical processes (machines, sensors) with computational algorithms and network connectivity. They create a continuous feedback loop where digital commands control physical actions in real-time.
Traditional CPS engineering often focuses strictly on technical hardware/software integration. However, modern industrial environments (like Industry 4.0 ) involve human-machine collaboration, which adds unpredictable social and organizational layers. Applying SSM to CPS allows for: