Useful Enemies: Islam And The Ottoman Empire In... → <UPDATED>

their own societies by highlighting Ottoman strengths.

by using Islam as a proxy to critique Christianity. Key Themes & Concepts 1. The Concept of Oriental Despotism Useful Enemies: Islam and the Ottoman Empire in...

Malcolm argues that the Ottomans were not just external threats to be feared, but in Western thought. Thinkers used Ottoman examples to: their own societies by highlighting Ottoman strengths

Early on, many Westerners viewed Islam as a Christian heresy rather than a completely separate religion, which led to Catholics and Protestants accusing each other of being "virtually Muslims". 3. Shifting Perceptions (1450–1750) The guide to Malcolm's chronological coverage includes: Useful Enemies: Islam and the Ottoman Empire in...