When States Fail: Causes And Consequences -

Perform well across all categories, ensuring security, law, and basic infrastructure.

Characterized by enduring internal violence and a government that has lost legitimacy and physical control over its territory. When States Fail: Causes and Consequences

Human agency is often the most direct cause, as rulers subvert democratic norms and work for personal or kin-based gain. Perform well across all categories, ensuring security, law,

Deep ethnic, religious, or tribal divisions that are exploited by political elites to fuel violent conflict. Perform well across all categories